D6 Visa: the Family Reunification Visa for US Citizens

Portugal has become an increasingly popular destination for US citizens seeking a new life abroad. With its stunning landscapes, rich cultural heritage, favorable climate, and high quality of life, it’s no wonder many are drawn to this beautiful European country.

For those looking to make the move, the Family Reunification (D6) Visa provides a practical pathway to join family members who are already residents or citizens of Portugal.

In this article, we will guide you through the essentials of the D6 Visa, including eligibility criteria, the application process, maintaining legal status, and handling changes in circumstances, ensuring you are well-prepared to settle comfortably into your new life in Portugal.

What is the D6 Visa?

The D6 Visa is specifically designed for family members of residents or citizens of Portugal. It allows spouses, children, parents, and dependent minors to join their family members already residing in the country.

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Eligibility Criteria

To qualify for the D6 Visa, applicants must meet specific requirements that serve to ensure that the applicant (or applicants) has a legitimate reason for moving to Portugal and can support themselves during their stay.

Applicants must provide a series of official documents to demonstrate their eligibility, ensuring all documents are translated and certified if necessary. We recommend starting to gather these documents well in advance of your planned move.

To apply for a D6 Visa, you need:

• Proof of relationship to a Portuguese resident or citizen (marriage certificate, birth certificate, etc.). This is the cornerstone of the D6 Visa, demonstrating a legitimate familial link.
• Evidence of sufficient financial means to support oneself, ensuring that the applicant will not become a burden on the state. Bank statements, employment contracts, or proof of income are typically required.
• Proof of accommodation in Portugal, such as a rental agreement or property deed to show that the applicant has a place to live upon arrival.
• Clean criminial record certificate from the US authorities and any other countries you have lived in, indicating no criminal history that might pose a risk to public safety in Portugal.

Criteria for Minors Applying for the D6 Visa

For minors applying for the D6 Visa, the following specific requirements must be met in addition to the general eligibility criteria:

• Minors must have consent from both parents or legal guardians. If only one parent is accompanying the minor, they must provide proof of sole custody or legal permission from the other parent.
• Evidence that the sponsoring parent or guardian has sufficient financial means to support the minor. These can include bank statements, proof of income, or employment contracts.

D6 Visa Application Process

Obtaining a D6 Visa involves several steps, each requiring careful attention. Preparing thoroughly can avoid delays and ensure a smoother application experience.

Here is a step-by-step guide for your reference:

1. Gather Documentation:
   • Proof of relationship, such as marriage or birth certificates
   • Financial means documentation, including bank statements and proof of income
   • Accommodation proof, such as rental agreements or property ownership documents
   • Clean criminal record, typically a police clearance certificate
2. Submit Application:
   • Apply at the Portuguese Consulate in the US – checking the specific consulate’s requirements and booking an appointment in advance is advisable.
   • Pay the visa fee – consider that this can vary depending on the consulate and specific circumstances.
   • Schedule an interview if required. Some consulates may request an interview to verify the information provided.
3. Processing Time:
   • It typically takes around 60 days, but depending on the case’s complexity or the consulate’s workload, it can take longer. We recommend you apply well before your planned move date.
4. Entry into Portugal:
   • Once approved, the visa allows entry into Portugal. Upon arrival, applicants must apply for a residence permit within 90 days.
   • Submit your residence permit application to AIMA (Agency for Immigration, Mobility, and Asylum), Portugal’s immigration and borders service.

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Maintaining the D6 Visa: Renewal and Changes in Circumstances

Once you’ve successfully obtained your D6 Visa and settled in Portugal, it’s crucial to maintain your legal status to avoid any issues with immigration authorities.

Renewal of Residence Permit

Your initial D6 Visa allows you to enter Portugal and stay temporarily, but you’ll need to apply for a residence permit for long-term residency. Here are some things you need to know regarding the renewal process:

1. Initial permits are typically valid for 1-2 years and must be renewed afterward.
2. Submit your renewal application to AIMA (formerly SEF) before your current permit expires, ideally 30-60 days in advance.
3. Required updated documentation:
   • Proof of continued family relationship
   • Evidence of financial stability
   • Proof of accommodation
   • Clean criminal record (if required)
4. The process can take several weeks, so plan accordingly to maintain valid status.

Handling Changes in Circumstances

Life changes can occur, and it’s important to address these promptly so you can maintain your legal status in Portugal. Some common changes and how to handle them include:

• Change in Family Status: If there are changes in your family status, such as divorce or the birth of a child, you must notify AIMA and provide relevant documentation. For example, in the case of divorce, the D6 Visa holder may need to apply for a different type of residence permit.
• Change of Address: If you move to a new residence in Portugal, you must update your address with the AIMA. This ensures that your records are accurate and you receive any official correspondence.
• Financial Changes: If there is a change in your financial situation, like a new job or loss of income, you may need to provide updated financial documents to demonstrate your continued ability to support yourself.
• Prolonged Absence: If you plan to be outside Portugal for an extended period, check the conditions of your residence permit, as prolonged absences might affect your residency status.

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Benefits of the D6 Visa

The D6 Visa provides several advantages for US citizens moving to Portugal:

• Reunites families under one roof, allowing loved ones to stay together and support each other.
• Grants the right to reside in Portugal.
• Allows access to public services, including healthcare and education, enhancing the quality of life.
• Opens the door to permanent residency and eventual citizenship, offering a long-term solution for those wishing to stay indefinitely.

Considerations for a US Citizen Moving to Portugal Under a D6 Visa

While the D6 Visa offers numerous benefits, there are a few considerations to keep in mind:

• Healthcare: While Portugal has a robust public healthcare system, private health insurance can provide additional coverage (read our full article about the Portuguese Healthcare system).
• Cultural Adjustment: Be prepared for cultural differences and language barriers (you’ll find more information on this topic in this article). Learning Portuguese and understanding local customs can significantly enhance the integration experience.
• Legal Obligations: Stay informed about residency requirements and legal obligations, such as renewing the residence permit and complying with local laws (read our article about the tax implications for US Expats moving to Portugal).

Frequent Questions

1. What is the D6 Visa?

The D6 Visa is a family reunification visa that allows family members of Portuguese residents or citizens to join them in Portugal.

2. Who is eligible for the D6 Visa?

Spouses, children, parents, and dependent minors of Portuguese residents or citizens are eligible.

3. What proof of relationship is required for the D6 Visa?

Marriage certificates, birth certificates, or other legal documents proving the family relationship.

4. What financial documentation is needed for the D6 Visa?

Bank statements, employment contracts, or proof of income showing sufficient financial means to support oneself.

5. What type of accommodation proof is required for the D6 Visa?

Rental agreements, property deeds, or other documents proving the applicant has a place to live in Portugal.

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6. Do I need a clean criminal record for the D6 Visa?

Yes, a clean criminal record certificate from the US and any other country you’ve lived in is required.

7. What are the specific requirements for minors applying for the D6 Visa?

Consent from both parents or legal guardians, and financial support documentation from the sponsoring parent or guardian.

8. Where do I submit my D6 Visa application?

At the nearest Portuguese consulate in the United States.

9. What is the processing time for the D6 Visa?

It typically takes around 60 days, but it can vary depending on the case’s complexity and the consulate’s workload.

10. What happens after my D6 Visa is approved?

You will receive a visa allowing entry into Portugal, and you must apply for a residence permit within 90 days of arrival.

11. How do I apply for a residence permit after arriving in Portugal?

Submit your application to the Agency for Immigration, Mobility, and Asylum (AIMA).

12. How long is the initial residence permit valid?

The initial permit is typically valid for 1-2 years and must be renewed afterward.

13. What documentation is needed for renewing the residence permit?

Proof of continued family relationship, financial stability, accommodation, and a clean criminal record (if required).

14. How do I handle changes in family status, such as divorce?

Notify AIMA and provide relevant documentation; you may need to apply for a different type of residence permit.

15. What should I do if I change my address in Portugal?

Update your address with AIMA to ensure accurate records and receive official correspondence.

16. What happens if there is a change in my financial situation?

Provide updated financial documents to demonstrate your continued ability to support yourself.

17. Can I be outside of Portugal for an extended period?

Check the conditions of your residence permit, as prolonged absences might affect your residency status.

18. What are the benefits of the D6 Visa?

It allows family reunification, grants the right to reside in Portugal, and provides access to public services.

19. Can I apply for permanent residency or citizenship with the D6 Visa?

Yes, the D6 Visa can lead to permanent residency and eventual citizenship.

20. What should US citizens consider before moving to Portugal with a D6 Visa?

Consider healthcare options, cultural adjustment, and legal obligations related to residency requirements and local laws.

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